SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
SIMPLE PRESENT WITH AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES.
LET’S UNDERSTAND THE RULES
- POSITIVE: SUB + IS/AM/ARE + OBJECT. (BE VERB)
- POSITIVE: SUB + HAS/HAVE + OBJECT. (TO HAVE)
- POSITIVE: SUB + VERB 1/VERB 1 (S/ES) + OBJECT. (ACTION VERBS)
LET’S SEE THE EXAMPLES
(BE VERB)
- I am a student. (I- AM)
- She is irresponsible.(HE / SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- IS)
- You are important.(WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- ARE)
(TO HAVE)
- I have a white car.(I – HAVE)
- She has a red car.(HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- HAS)
- They have a black car.(WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- HAVE)
(ACTION VERBS)
- I eat a lot.(I – VERB 1)
- He goes for a morning walk. (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- VERB 1 (S/ES))
- We think you are strong. (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- VERB 1)
SIMPLE PRESENT WITH NEGATIVE SENTENCES.
LET’S UNDERSTAND THE RULES
- NEGATIVE: SUB + IS/AM/ARE + NOT + OBJECT. (BE VERB)
- NEGATIVE: SUB + DO NOT/DOES NOT + HAVE + OBJECT. (TO HAVE)
- NEGATIVE: SUB + IS/AM/ARE + NOT + HAVE + ING + OBJECT. (ACTION VERBS)
LET’S SEE THE EXAMPLES
(BE VERB)
- I am not a student.(I – AM NOT)
- She is not irresponsible. (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- IS NOT)
- You are not important. (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- ARE NOT)
(TO HAVE)
- I do not have a white car. (I – DO NOT HAVE)
- She does not have a red car. (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- DOES NOT HAVE)
- They do not have a black car. (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- DO NOT HAVE)
(ACTION VERBS)
- I do not eat a lot. (I – DO NOT VERB 1)
- He does not go for a morning walk. (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- DOES NOT VERB 1)
- We do not think you are strong. (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- DO NOT VERB 1)
SIMPLE PRESENT WITH INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES.
LET’S UNDERSTAND THE RULES
- INTERROGATIVE: IS/AM/ARE + SUB + OBJECT? (BE VERB)
- INTERROGATIVE: DO /DOES + SUB + HAVE + OBJECT? (TO HAVE)
- INTERROGATIVE: DO /DOES + SUB + VERB 1 + OBJECT? (ACTION VERBS)
LET’S SEE THE EXAMPLES
(BE VERB)
- Am I a student?(I – AM)
- Is she irresponsible? (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- IS)
- Are you important? (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- ARE)
(TO HAVE)
- Do I have a white car? (I – DO HAVE)
- Does she have a red car? (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- DOES HAVE)
- Do they have a black car? (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- DO HAVE)
(ACTION VERBS)
- Do I eat a lot? (I – DO VERB 1)
- Does he go for a morning walk? (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- DOES VERB 1)
- Do we think you are strong? (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- DO VERB 1)
USAGES
1. REGULAR OR HABITUAL ACTIONS
- I take coffee in the morning and milk at night.
- I go for a stroll every evening.
2. GENERALS TRUTHS
- President of America lives in the white house.
- Glucose gives instant energy.
3. PERMANENT FACTS
- I live in Delhi.
- He works as an advocate.
4. COMMENTARIES
- The ball hits the stump and umpire signals run out.
- The forward player kicks the football and it’s a goal.
5. COMMENTING
- I always count on my best friend.
- I do not make friends with everyone easily.
- I do not agree that curiosity always kills the cat.
6. THE PAST INCIDENT NARRATION/REVIEWS
- This author starts every chapter on a positive note.
- In her school drama, she looks beautiful throughout the play.
- In the movie Padmaavat, actor Ranveer Singh plays a key role.
- I see him jumping in the pool without life jacking. I get scared and start calling people. There I see that he knows swimming well.
7. FEELINGS AT THE MOMENT OR TO TELL YOUR IMMEDIATE REACTION TO SOMETHING.
- I am hurt.
- I feel giddy.
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE WITH AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES.
LET’S UNDERSTAND THE RULES
- POSITIVE: SUB + IS/AM/ARE + HAVE + ING + OBJECT. (TO HAVE)
- POSITIVE: SUB + IS/AM/ARE + VERB + ING + OBJECT. (ACTION VERBS)
LET’S SEE THE EXAMPLES
(TO HAVE)
- I am having breakfast.(I – AM HAVE + ING)
- He is having some issues.(HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- IS HAVE + ING)
- They are having fun together. (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- ARE HAVE + ING)
(ACTION VERBS)
- I am writing notes.(I – AM VERB + ING)
- He is crying as he scored bad marks on his test. (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- IS VERB + ING)
- You are bothering me. (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- ARE VERB + ING)
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE WITH NEGATIVE SENTENCES.
LET’S UNDERSTAND THE RULES
- NEGATIVE: SUB + IS/AM/ARE + NOT + HAVE + ING + OBJECT. (TO HAVE)
- NEGATIVE: SUB + IS/AM/ARE + NOT + VERB + ING + OBJECT. (ACTION VERBS)
LET’S SEE THE EXAMPLES
(TO HAVE)
- I am not having breakfast.(I – AM NOT HAVE + ING)
- He is not having any issues. (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- IS NOT HAVE + ING)
- They are not having fun together. (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- ARE NOT HAVE + ING)
(ACTION VERBS)
- I am not writing notes. (I – AM NOT VERB + ING)
- He is not crying for her. (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- IS NOT VERB + ING)
- You are not bothering me. (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- ARE NOT VERB + ING)
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE WITH INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES.
LET’S UNDERSTAND THE RULES
- INTERROGATIVE: IS/AM/ARE + SUB + HAVE + ING + OBJECT? (TO HAVE)
- INTERROGATIVE: IS/AM/ARE + SUB + VERB + ING + OBJECT? (ACTION VERBS)
LET’S SEE THE EXAMPLES
(TO HAVE)
- Am I having breakfast?(I – AM HAVE + ING)
- Is he having any issues? (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- IS HAVE + ING)
- Are they having fun together? (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- ARE HAVE + ING)
(ACTION VERBS)
- Am I writing notes? (I – AM VERB + ING)
- Is he crying for her? (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- IS VERB + ING)
- Are you bothering me? (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- ARE VERB + ING)
USAGES
- AN ACTION THAT IS IN PROGRESS
- I am writing my assignment.
- Are you trying to provoke me?
- AN ACTION IN PROGRESS BUT NOT NECESSARILY AT THE TIME OF SPEAKING –
- Are you learning computers these days?
- She is attending English classes daily.
- AN ACTION THAT IS PLANNED FOR THE NEAR FUTURE.
- We are going to Rajasthan on Diwali.
- She is planning to get settled abroad.
- INDICATE PROGRESSIVE CHANGES, TRENDS, AND DEVELOPMENTS.
- Pollution is increasing day by day.
- Students are honing their English skills.
- Rural people are migrating to urban areas for employment.
- Schools are focusing on extracurricular activities for students’ overall development.
- TO EMPHASISE THE PRESENT MOMENT OR TO INDICATE THAT A SITUATION IS TEMPORARY. EXAMPLES –
- After a long illness now, he is recuperating.
- I am staying in Mirzapur.
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE WITH AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES.
LET’S UNDERSTAND THE RULES
- POSITIVE: SUB + HAS/HAVE + BEEN + OBJECT (BE VERB)
- POSITIVE: SUB + HAS/HAVE + HAD ( 3rd FORM OF HAVE) + OBJECT (TO HAVE)
- POSITIVE: SUB + HAS/HAVE + VERB 3 + OBJECT (ACTION VERBS)
LET’S SEE THE EXAMPLES
(BE VERB)
- I have been serious.(I – HAVE + BEEN)
- It has been demolished. (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- HAS + BEEN)
- Theyhave been to Maharashtra. (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- HAVE + BEEN)
(TO HAVE)
- I have had a shower. (I – HAVE + HAD)
- She has had dinner. (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- HAS + HAD)
- You have had an apple. (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- HAVE + HAD)
(ACTION VERBS)
- I have written notes. (I – HAVE + VERB 3)
- He has paid the bill. (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- HAS + VERB 3)
- We have broken glass. (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- HAVE + VERB 3)
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE WITH NEGATIVE SENTENCES.
LET’S UNDERSTAND THE RULES
- NEGATIVE: SUB + HAS/HAVE NOT + BEEN + OBJECT (BE VERB)
- NEGATIVE: SUB + HAS/HAVE NOT + HAD ( 3rd FORM OF HAVE) + OBJECT? (TO HAVE)
- NEGATIVE: SUB + HAS/HAVE + VERB 3 + OBJECT (ACTION VERBS)
LET’S SEE THE EXAMPLES
(BE VERB)
- I have not been serious. (I – HAVE NOT BEEN)
- It has not been demolished. (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- HAS NOT BEEN)
- Theyhave not been to Maharashtra. (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- HAVE NOT BEEN)
(TO HAVE)
- I have not had a shower.(I – HAVE NOT + HAD)
- She has not had dinner. (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- HAS NOT + HAD)
- You have not had an apple. (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- HAVE NOT + HAD)
(ACTION VERBS)
- I have not written notes. (I – HAVE NOT + VERB 3)
- He has not paid the bill. (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- HAS NOT + VERB 3)
- We have notbroken any glasses. (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- HAVE NOT + VERB 3)
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE WITH INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES.
LET’S UNDERSTAND THE RULES
- INTERROGATIVE: HAS/HAVE + SUB + BEEN + OBJECT? (BE VERB)
- INTERROGATIVE: HAS/HAVE + SUB + HAD ( 3rd FORM OF HAVE) + OBJECT? (TO HAVE)
- INTERROGATIVE: HAS/HAVE + SUB + VERB 3 + OBJECT? (ACTION VERBS)
LET’S SEE THE EXAMPLES
(BE VERB)
- Have I been serious?(I – HAVE BEEN)
- Has It been demolished? (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- HAS BEEN)
- Have theybeen to Russia? (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- HAVE BEEN)
(TO HAVE)
- Have I had a shower? (I – HAVE HAD)
- Has She had dinner? (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- HAS HAD)
- Have You had an apple? (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- HAVE HAD)
(ACTION VERBS)
- Have I written notes? (I – HAVE + VERB 3)
- Has he paid the bill? (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- HAS + VERB 3)
- Have we broken a glass? (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- HAVE + VERB 3)
USAGES
- ACTIONS STARTED IN THE PAST AND CONTINUING IN THE PRESENT
- They haven’t lived here for years.
- We have had the same bikes for ten years.
- WHEN THE PERIOD REFERRED TO HAS NOT FINISHED
- It has rained heavily this year.
- We haven’t seen Samarth today.
- ACTIONS REPEATED IN AN UNSPECIFIED PERIOD BETWEEN THE PAST AND NOW.
- They have seen that film nine times
- It has happened several times since I have ever met you.
- ACTIONS COMPLETED IN THE VERY RECENT PAST (+JUST)
- Have you just finished work?
- I have just eaten.
- WHEN THE PRECISE TIME OF THE ACTION IS NOT IMPORTANT OR NOT KNOWN
- Someonehas eaten my delicious sandwich!
- Have you seenKartik?
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSE
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSE WITH AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES.
LET’S UNDERSTAND THE RULES
- POSITIVE: SUB + HAS/HAVE + BEEN + VERB + ING + OBJECT (ACTION VERBS)
LET’S SEE THE EXAMPLES
(ACTION VERBS)
- I have been watering the plants since morning. (I – HAVE BEEN + VERB + ING)
- He has been waiting for her for 3 days. (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- HAS BEEN + VERB + ING)
- We have been cleaning the floor since last week. (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- HAVE BEEN + VERB + ING)
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSE WITH NEGATIVE SENTENCES.
LET’S UNDERSTAND THE RULES
- NEGATIVE: SUB + HAS/HAVE NOT + BEEN + VERB + ING + OBJECT(ACTION VERBS)
LET’S SEE THE EXAMPLES
(ACTION VERBS)
- I have not been watering the plants since morning. (I – HAVE NOT BEEN + VERB + ING)
- He has not been waiting for her for 3 days. (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- HAS NOT BEEN + VERB + ING)
- We have not been cleaning the floor since last week. (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- HAVE NOT BEEN + VERB + ING)
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSE WITH INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES.
LET’S UNDERSTAND THE RULES
- INTERROGATIVE: HAS/HAVE + SUB + BEEN + VERB + ING + OBJECT? (ACTION VERBS)
LET’S SEE THE EXAMPLES
(ACTION VERBS)
- Have I been watering the plants since morning? (I – HAVE BEEN + VERB + ING)
- Has he been waiting for her for 3 days? (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- HAS BEEN + VERB + ING)
- Have we been cleaning the floor since last week? (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- HAVE BEEN + VERB + ING)
USAGES
- AN ACTION THAT BEGAN AT SOME TIME IN THE PAST AND IS STILL CONTINUING
- He has been flying the kite since 9 am.
- They have been searching for a house for the last two months.
- He has been working on this project since February 2019.
- AN ACTION THAT IS ALREADY FINISHED. IN SUCH CASES, THE CONTINUITY OF THE ACTIVITY IS EMPHASISED AS AN EXPLANATION.
- She is tired. She has been cleaning the house since she woke up.
- The plumber is frustrated. He has been trying to fix the leaky tap for the last two hours.
- Food is ready. I have been cooking since 7:00 AM.
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