PRESENT TENSE

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

SIMPLE PRESENT WITH AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES.

LET’S UNDERSTAND THE RULES

• POSITIVE: SUB + IS/AM/ARE + OBJECT. (BE VERB)
• POSITIVE: SUB + HAS/HAVE + OBJECT. (TO HAVE)
• POSITIVE: SUB + VERB 1/VERB 1 (S/ES) + OBJECT. (ACTION VERBS)

LET’S SEE THE EXAMPLES

(BE VERB)

• I am a student. (I- AM)
• She is irresponsible.(HE / SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- IS)
• You are important.(WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- ARE)

(TO HAVE)

• I have a white car.(I – HAVE)
• She has a red car.(HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- HAS)
• They have a black car.(WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- HAVE)

(ACTION VERBS)

• I eat a lot.(I – VERB 1)
• He goes for a morning walk. (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- VERB 1 (S/ES))
• We think you are strong. (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- VERB 1)

SIMPLE PRESENT WITH NEGATIVE SENTENCES.

LET’S UNDERSTAND THE RULES

• NEGATIVE: SUB + IS/AM/ARE + NOT + OBJECT. (BE VERB)
• NEGATIVE: SUB + DO NOT/DOES NOT + HAVE + OBJECT. (TO HAVE)
• NEGATIVE: SUB + IS/AM/ARE + NOT + HAVE + ING + OBJECT. (ACTION VERBS)

LET’S SEE THE EXAMPLES

(BE VERB)

• I am not a student.(I – AM NOT)
• She is not irresponsible. (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- IS NOT)
• You are not important. (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- ARE NOT)

(TO HAVE)

• I do not have a white car. (I – DO NOT HAVE)
• She does not have a red car. (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- DOES NOT HAVE)
• They do not have a black car. (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- DO NOT HAVE)

(ACTION VERBS)

• I do not eat a lot. (I – DO NOT VERB 1)
• He does not go for a morning walk. (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- DOES NOT VERB 1)
• We do not think you are strong. (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- DO NOT VERB 1)

SIMPLE PRESENT WITH INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES.

LET’S UNDERSTAND THE RULES

• INTERROGATIVE: IS/AM/ARE + SUB + OBJECT? (BE VERB)
• INTERROGATIVE: DO /DOES + SUB + HAVE + OBJECT? (TO HAVE)
• INTERROGATIVE: DO /DOES + SUB + VERB 1 + OBJECT? (ACTION VERBS)

LET’S SEE THE EXAMPLES

(BE VERB)

• Am I a student?(I – AM)
• Is she irresponsible? (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- IS)
• Are you important? (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- ARE)

(TO HAVE)

• Do I have a white car? (I – DO HAVE)
• Does she have a red car? (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- DOES HAVE)
• Do they have a black car? (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- DO HAVE)

(ACTION VERBS)

• Do I eat a lot? (I – DO VERB 1)
• Does he go for a morning walk? (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- DOES VERB 1)
• Do we think you are strong? (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- DO VERB 1)

USAGES

1. REGULAR OR HABITUAL ACTIONS

• I take coffee in the morning and milk at night.
• I go for a stroll every evening.

2. GENERALS TRUTHS

• President of America lives in the white house.
• Glucose gives instant energy.

3. PERMANENT FACTS

• I live in Delhi.
• He works as an advocate.

4. COMMENTARIES

• The ball hits the stump and umpire signals run out.
• The forward player kicks the football and it’s a goal.

5. COMMENTING

• I always count on my best friend.
• I do not make friends with everyone easily.
• I do not agree that curiosity always kills the cat.

6. THE PAST INCIDENT NARRATION/REVIEWS

• This author starts every chapter on a positive note.
• In her school drama, she looks beautiful throughout the play.
• In the movie Padmaavat, actor Ranveer Singh plays a key role.
• I see him jumping in the pool without life jacking. I get scared and start calling people. There I see that he knows swimming well.

7. FEELINGS AT THE MOMENT OR TO TELL YOUR IMMEDIATE REACTION TO SOMETHING.

• I am hurt.
• I feel giddy.

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE WITH AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES.

LET’S UNDERSTAND THE RULES

• POSITIVE: SUB + IS/AM/ARE + HAVE + ING + OBJECT. (TO HAVE)
• POSITIVE: SUB + IS/AM/ARE + VERB + ING + OBJECT. (ACTION VERBS)

LET’S SEE THE EXAMPLES

(TO HAVE)

• I am having breakfast.(I – AM HAVE + ING)
• He is having some issues.(HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- IS HAVE + ING)
• They are having fun together. (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- ARE HAVE + ING)

(ACTION VERBS)

• I am writing notes.(I – AM VERB + ING)
• He is crying as he scored bad marks on his test. (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- IS VERB + ING)
• You are bothering me. (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- ARE VERB + ING)

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE WITH NEGATIVE SENTENCES.

LET’S UNDERSTAND THE RULES

• NEGATIVE: SUB + IS/AM/ARE + NOT + HAVE + ING + OBJECT. (TO HAVE)
• NEGATIVE: SUB + IS/AM/ARE + NOT + VERB + ING + OBJECT. (ACTION VERBS)

LET’S SEE THE EXAMPLES

(TO HAVE)

• I am not having breakfast.(I – AM NOT HAVE + ING)
• He is not having any issues. (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- IS NOT HAVE + ING)
• They are not having fun together. (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- ARE NOT HAVE + ING)

(ACTION VERBS)

• I am not writing notes. (I – AM NOT VERB + ING)
• He is not crying for her. (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- IS NOT VERB + ING)
• You are not bothering me. (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- ARE NOT VERB + ING)

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE WITH INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES.

LET’S UNDERSTAND THE RULES

• INTERROGATIVE: IS/AM/ARE + SUB + HAVE + ING + OBJECT? (TO HAVE)
• INTERROGATIVE: IS/AM/ARE + SUB + VERB + ING + OBJECT? (ACTION VERBS)

LET’S SEE THE EXAMPLES

(TO HAVE)

• Am I having breakfast?(I – AM HAVE + ING)
• Is he having any issues? (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- IS HAVE + ING)
• Are they having fun together? (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- ARE HAVE + ING)

(ACTION VERBS)

• Am I writing notes? (I – AM VERB + ING)
• Is he crying for her? (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- IS VERB + ING)
• Are you bothering me? (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- ARE VERB + ING)

USAGES

1. AN ACTION THAT IS IN PROGRESS

• I am writing my assignment.
• Are you trying to provoke me?

2. AN ACTION IN PROGRESS BUT NOT NECESSARILY AT THE TIME OF SPEAKING –

• Are you learning computers these days?
• She is attending English classes daily.

3. AN ACTION THAT IS PLANNED FOR THE NEAR FUTURE.

• We are going to Rajasthan on Diwali.
• She is planning to get settled abroad.

4. INDICATE PROGRESSIVE CHANGES, TRENDS, AND DEVELOPMENTS.

• Pollution is increasing day by day.
• Students are honing their English skills.
• Rural people are migrating to urban areas for employment.
• Schools are focusing on extracurricular activities for students’ overall development.

5. TO EMPHASISE THE PRESENT MOMENT OR TO INDICATE THAT A SITUATION IS TEMPORARY. EXAMPLES –

• After a long illness now, he is recuperating.
• I am staying in Mirzapur.

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE WITH AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES.

LET’S UNDERSTAND THE RULES

• POSITIVE: SUB + HAS/HAVE + BEEN + OBJECT (BE VERB)
• POSITIVE: SUB + HAS/HAVE + HAD ( 3^rd FORM OF HAVE) + OBJECT (TO HAVE)
• POSITIVE: SUB + HAS/HAVE + VERB 3 + OBJECT (ACTION VERBS)

LET’S SEE THE EXAMPLES

(BE VERB)

• I have been serious.(I – HAVE + BEEN)
• It has been demolished. (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- HAS + BEEN)
• Theyhave been to Maharashtra. (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- HAVE + BEEN)

(TO HAVE)

• I have had a shower. (I – HAVE + HAD)
• She has had dinner. (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- HAS + HAD)
• You have had an apple. (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- HAVE + HAD)

(ACTION VERBS)

• I have written notes. (I – HAVE + VERB 3)
• He has paid the bill. (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- HAS + VERB 3)
• We have broken glass. (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- HAVE + VERB 3)

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE WITH NEGATIVE SENTENCES.

LET’S UNDERSTAND THE RULES

• NEGATIVE: SUB + HAS/HAVE NOT + BEEN + OBJECT (BE VERB)
• NEGATIVE: SUB + HAS/HAVE NOT + HAD ( 3^rd FORM OF HAVE) + OBJECT? (TO HAVE)
• NEGATIVE: SUB + HAS/HAVE + VERB 3 + OBJECT (ACTION VERBS)

LET’S SEE THE EXAMPLES

(BE VERB)

• I have not been serious. (I – HAVE NOT BEEN)
• It has not been demolished. (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- HAS NOT BEEN)
• Theyhave not been to Maharashtra. (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- HAVE NOT BEEN)

(TO HAVE)

• I have not had a shower.(I – HAVE NOT + HAD)
• She has not had dinner. (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- HAS NOT + HAD)
• You have not had an apple. (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- HAVE NOT + HAD)

(ACTION VERBS)

• I have not written notes. (I – HAVE NOT + VERB 3)
• He has not paid the bill. (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- HAS NOT + VERB 3)
• We have notbroken any glasses. (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- HAVE NOT + VERB 3)

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE WITH INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES.

LET’S UNDERSTAND THE RULES

• INTERROGATIVE: HAS/HAVE + SUB + BEEN + OBJECT? (BE VERB)
• INTERROGATIVE: HAS/HAVE + SUB + HAD ( 3^rd FORM OF HAVE) + OBJECT? (TO HAVE)
• INTERROGATIVE: HAS/HAVE + SUB + VERB 3 + OBJECT? (ACTION VERBS)

LET’S SEE THE EXAMPLES

(BE VERB)

• Have I been serious?(I – HAVE BEEN)
• Has It been demolished? (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- HAS BEEN)
• Have theybeen to Russia? (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- HAVE BEEN)

(TO HAVE)

• Have I had a shower? (I – HAVE HAD)
• Has She had dinner? (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- HAS HAD)
• Have You had an apple? (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- HAVE HAD)

(ACTION VERBS)

• Have I written notes? (I – HAVE + VERB 3)
• Has he paid the bill? (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- HAS + VERB 3)
• Have we broken a glass? (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- HAVE + VERB 3)

USAGES

1. ACTIONS STARTED IN THE PAST AND CONTINUING IN THE PRESENT

• They haven’t lived here for years.
• We have had the same bikes for ten years.

2. WHEN THE PERIOD REFERRED TO HAS NOT FINISHED

• It has rained heavily this year.
• We haven’t seen Samarth today.

3. ACTIONS REPEATED IN AN UNSPECIFIED PERIOD BETWEEN THE PAST AND NOW.

• They have seen that film nine times
• It has happened several times since I have ever met you.

4. ACTIONS COMPLETED IN THE VERY RECENT PAST (+JUST)

• Have you just finished work?
• I have just eaten.

5. WHEN THE PRECISE TIME OF THE ACTION IS NOT IMPORTANT OR NOT KNOWN

• Someonehas eaten my delicious sandwich!
• Have you seenKartik?

PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSE

PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSE WITH AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES.

LET’S UNDERSTAND THE RULES

• POSITIVE: SUB + HAS/HAVE + BEEN + VERB + ING + OBJECT (ACTION VERBS)

LET’S SEE THE EXAMPLES

(ACTION VERBS)

• I have been watering the plants since morning. (I – HAVE BEEN + VERB + ING)
• He has been waiting for her for 3 days. (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- HAS BEEN + VERB + ING)
• We have been cleaning the floor since last week. (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- HAVE BEEN + VERB + ING)

PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSE WITH NEGATIVE SENTENCES.

LET’S UNDERSTAND THE RULES

• NEGATIVE: SUB + HAS/HAVE NOT + BEEN + VERB + ING + OBJECT(ACTION VERBS)

LET’S SEE THE EXAMPLES

(ACTION VERBS)

• I have not been watering the plants since morning. (I – HAVE NOT BEEN + VERB + ING)
• He has not been waiting for her for 3 days. (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- HAS NOT BEEN + VERB + ING)
• We have not been cleaning the floor since last week. (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- HAVE NOT BEEN + VERB + ING)

PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSE WITH INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES.

LET’S UNDERSTAND THE RULES

• INTERROGATIVE: HAS/HAVE + SUB + BEEN + VERB + ING + OBJECT? (ACTION VERBS)

LET’S SEE THE EXAMPLES

(ACTION VERBS)

• Have I been watering the plants since morning? (I – HAVE BEEN + VERB + ING)
• Has he been waiting for her for 3 days? (HE/ SHE /IT / SINGULAR NOUN- HAS BEEN + VERB + ING)
• Have we been cleaning the floor since last week? (WE/ YOU/THEY/ PLURAL NOUN- HAVE BEEN + VERB + ING)

USAGES

1. AN ACTION THAT BEGAN AT SOME TIME IN THE PAST AND IS STILL CONTINUING

• He has been flying the kite since 9 am.
• They have been searching for a house for the last two months.
• He has been working on this project since February 2019.

2. AN ACTION THAT IS ALREADY FINISHED. IN SUCH CASES, THE CONTINUITY OF THE ACTIVITY IS EMPHASISED AS AN EXPLANATION.

• She is tired. She has been cleaning the house since she woke up.
• The plumber is frustrated. He has been trying to fix the leaky tap for the last two hours.
• Food is ready. I have been cooking since 7:00 AM.